Food Fantastic Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Food Fantastic Company - Essay ExampleFoods Fantastic Company is a publicly traded grocery chain with a chain of 50 stores in the US.The company has embraced technology to a great extent and uses state-of-the-art applications to monitor inventory and maintain its accounting books An ITGC review is necessity because of the degree to which the company is dependent on the entropy produced by its study systems for accounting and decision-making. Purpose The purpose of an ITGC review is to ensure the reliability, consistency and security of an information system that is being used as a source of information and legal standing for accounting purposes. The idea behind an ITGC review is to check the data input streams for dependability as it will constitute a legal standing of the company. In addition, the review will cover aspects of fraud, security, back-dated entries and other loopholes that can be used for frauds or unauthorized access to confidential data. Scope The scope of this aud it and review is limited to the surface risk assessment of the controls used by FFC. In addition, it covers only the mainstream information system which is used for reporting and decision-making. Any other third-party systems are not covered in this review as pertinacious as they do not have any impact on financial reporting. Also, the review has been conducted in accordance with the guidelines defined and accepted as global best practices for ITGC. Findings The information system control procedures at Foods Fantastic Company do not meet the standards of what can be termed as the best practices in the industry.

The Relationship between the BBC and Public Broadcasting Corporation Essay

The Relationship between the BBC and Public Broadcasting Corporation and the Commercial Sectors - Essay ExampleFirst, before tone ending into BBCs relationship as a habitual broadcasting corporation with the commercial sectors, it is helpful to identify first what is meant by public suffice broadcasting. The communication theory Act 2003 (CA 2003) sets a duty on the Office of Communications (Ofcom) to obtain accessibility of a broad footslog of both television and radio receiver operate all over the United Kingdom that is of high quality and considered to draw diverse tastes and interests (Communications Act 2003 s. 264) and to keep an adequate number of providers for various television and radio services (Ridgway 48). While the Communications Act has not defined what comprises public service programming, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) characterized this kind of programming by scene forth itspurposesandcharacteristics. Ridgway in his article All change for public service broadcasting in the UK? enumerates the following purposes and characteristics of public service broadcasting Purposes Informing our discretion of the world--to inform ourselves and former(a)s, and to increase our understanding of the world by means of news, information and analysis of current events and ideas.Stimulating companionship and learning --to stimulate our interest in and knowledge of arts, science, history and other topics, through content that is accessible and can encourage informal learning. Reflecting UK cultural identity--to reflect and strengthen our cultural identity through original programming in the United Kingdom, at both national and regional levels, on occasion bringing audiences together for shared experiences. Representing diversity and substitute(a) viewpoints--to make us aware of different cultures and alternative viewpoints through programmes that reflect the lives of other people and other communities, both within the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Characteristics high gear quality--well funded and well produced. Original--new UK content rather than repeats or acquisitions. Innovative--breaking new ideas or reinventing exciting approaches, rather than copying old ones. Challenging--making viewing audience think. Engaging--remaining accessible and attractive to viewers. Widely available--if content is publicly funded, a large majority of citizens need the chance to watch it. (48) McGonagle on the other hand, defines public service broadcasting (PSB) as those broadcasted TV programs which are for the benefit of the public instead of solely for commercial ends (235). These programs consist of local news coverage, arts programs, religious broadcasts, and augmented broadcasts featuring (for example) subtitling, visual signing and audio description (McGonagle 235). It may also include original drama, documentaries and childrens programming (Ridgway 49). A particular quota on public service broadcasts is also required in their lic ense to broadcast, in accordance with Ofcoms regulations (Ridgway 49). The objectives on the other hand for the so-called plural public service broadcast provision are the following Sources of high quality impartial news at local, regional as well as national level, including the nations as well as the United Kingdom as a whole high level original British content a broad range of both voices and talent from across the whole United Kingdom, to guarantee continuation and development of inventive talent clusters in the regions and nations, currently assured through regional production quotas on some public service broadcasters guaranteed levels of investment in independent production in order to ensure the supply of the best creative ideas and the healthy development of this

The Breakdown in Relations between the Thirteen English Colonies in Essay

The Breakdown in Relations between the Thirteen English Colonies in trades union America and immense Britain - Essay Example piece of music the colonists living in this region were originally British citizens, this century increasingly saw them identify themselves as residents of America. Contributing to their newfound sense of identification was a number of policies and incidents that weakened relations between America and Great Britain. This essay discusses and explains what caused the breakdown in relations between the thirteen English colonies in North America and Great Britain during the period of 1750 to 1776.One of the most prominent incidents that strained relations between America and Great Britain is what has come to be referred to as the capital of Massachusetts Massacre. Indeed, the Boston Massacre was a pivotal event in American history for the significant contributions it made to the ultimate start of the American Revolutionary War. The true events of the Boston Mas sacre are that on March 5, 1770 the British army shot and killed five men living in the American colonies. While this is the eventual occurrence, the Boston Massacre is perhaps more significant as the symbolic representation of nearly thirty years of perceived slights at the hand of Great Britain. For a number of years surrounding the Massacre the British government had increasingly taxed the colonies causing large amounts of strife within the colonial residents. One of the major(ip) incidents in these matters was the occurrence of the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War was a conflict that extended between 1754 and 1763 between Great Britain and French/Indian forces. While ultimately this conflict proved successful for Great Britain, it came at great cost. As a means of counteracting the cost of this conflict, Britain began instituting a variety of taxes on their colonial empire. These taxes were met with considerable opposite among residents of the colonies. Perhaps the major tax in these regards was the 1765 Stamp Act, which resulted in the now seminal calls of, no taxation without representation from the colonists. In terms of specific tax acts that contributed to the tensions surrounding the Boston Massacre, the Townshend Acts had recently been passed within colonial America. The Townshend Acts went beyond merely taxing the colonies, but were designed to operate that the governors and judge ruling over the colonial empire were entirely under British control. This tactic was put in place to further solidify colonial accord with British taxes and to better gain control of trade regulations within the colonial empire. As one might imagine, such a tactic was met with great resistance in the colonies. Petitions were sent to King George asking that the Townshend Acts be repealed. In making no progress in direct petitions to King George, increasing amount of assemblies began to father place throughout Massachusetts. These assemblies began to thr eaten British officials residing within the colonies. Lord Hillsborough, who had recently been made the Colonial Secretary, became alarmed by the growing amount of resistance to the Townshend Acts. He began to instruct the colonies that they needed to cease resistance operations to the British laws. As the colonists continued their resistance to the Townshend Acts, the British government responded by sending military enforcement to the colonies to ensure they followed the new regulations. On June 10th the British troops acquisitioned the colonial ship Liberty because, they claimed, the ship had been involved in smuggling actions. This prompted great outrage from the colonists and riots among the local sailors began to occur. These riots resulted in increasing tensions between British and colonials, with the British sending soldiers to Boston. The actual incident of the Boston Massacr

Examine the treatment of children and infant mortality from victorian Essay

Examine the treatment of small fryren and infant mortality from victorian writers with special reference to Charles Kingsleys water babies and Thomas Hardys poem To an unborn pauper child - Essay ExampleIn fact this period is also a time when infant mortality was high and the threat of mortality facing infants was 30 times worse compared to what it is today (Garrett, 2006, p.253). Carroll captures this nature of parenting explicitly through fairy tale world known as Wonderland. In the fiction, the characters of authority are shown to be funny and rather absurd at times. The paper undertakes the treatment of children and infant mortality by Victorian authors like Charles Kingsley and Thomas Hardy.Carrolls work is nonoperational published as a childrens classic collection and loved by young and adults alike. Lear, a rival of Carroll also published his limericks, which criticizes the social canon of behavior in the Victorian society. Like Carroll, Lear also puts forth certain inevita ble violent ends of the characters. The White Rabbit in Alice in Wonderland keeps on reminding the ref that it will be prone to losing its head if he is late to arrive at the Duchess. (Charney, 2005, p.284) This also reveals the inevitability of social codes and none of the writers could escape that. The Duchess symbolize a typical strict parent of the Victorian age as she tosses her baby pig up into the air and sings the following lullaby to her son, ending every profligate with a rough shake to the baby Speak roughly to your little boy, And beat him when he sneezes He only does it to annoy, Because he knows it teases (Carroll, n.d., p.44). This is also a represent to the poem of Bates Speak Gently. The story also shows the coming of age of the child Alice, as she tends to forget her nursery poems and finds the characters conversing in a language unsung to her. This introduces her to a whole new world when she resides at the crossing stage from childhood to adolescence.Charles Kingsleys The Water-Babies is a fairy tale, which condemns child

The Abrahamic Covenant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Abrahamic Covenant - Essay ExampleDestroy all He created save one man, Noah, who walked in the ways of the overlord and had found favor in His eyes. So God instructed Noah to build a huge ark, which can house his family and a pair of each animal. Then the waters came upon the earth for 40 days and forty nights, wiping away the mankind and beasts from the face of the earth, save those in the ark Noah built.Thereafter, God blessed Noah and his sons to be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth again. Thereafter they went their ways and figure in numbers. There was only one language, and in their pride, the mankind wanted to build a tower so high, that it would reach to heavens. So, God confounded them with sundry(a) tongues, and they abandoned their edifice, but the vanity of pride and sin still prevailed. And it multiplied as did the mankind, filling the earth.During such times, God came to a man called Abram and said liquidate thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy fathers house, unto a cut that I will shew thee And I will film of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy surname great and thou shalt be a blessing And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed.( KJV, Genesis 12 1-3 )And Abram beliAnd Abram believed in what he heard, and set out taking his family and his cattle and travelled all the places the Lord instructed. Then the Lord, in course of Abrams days, rechristened his name to Abraham, and his wife Sarai to Sarah, and in the ripe of their age, renowned His promise to them. And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. And I will give unto thee and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession and I will be their G od. (KJV, Genesis 17 7-8). Then Abraham had Isaac for a son and his faith and belief is put to test when the Lord asks Isaac for a sacrifice. Abraham then passes it and the Lord is further pleased with Abraham. And Abraham dies, well in old age, having willed all his material possessions and the Lords covenant to Isaac. Then to Isaac twins are born, Esau who comes out first, then Jacob holding Esaus leg. By virtue of the covenant the Lord establishes with Abraham, it should further be carried to Esau and his children, but Esau sells his birthright to Jacob over a meal. The Lord Himself says in this ensure Then Jacob has twelve sons and these twelve sons are the heads of twelve tribes of the nation of Israel. And Israel after serving Egypt in bondage for four hundred years is liberated by the Prophet Moses. This follows two most crucial aspects in the Jewish history, the meeting of the Lord on Mount Sinai, followed by handing over the Torah - consisting of five books, which discuss the advent of Hebrews since creation till the liberation. Torah is considered to be the Law, in other words, it could also be called the directions given by the Lord to the nation of Israel towards keeping them chaste and in union to His will. This Torah further has the Ten Commandments, which are believed to be directly

Enhancing Occupational Safety Health While Adapting to Biodiesel As An Essay

Enhancing Occupational Safety Health While Adapting to Biodiesel As An preference fuels - Essay ExampleThe process includes the reaction of vegetable oil with the alcohols in the presence of a catalyst, while the alcohols are usually ethanol or methanol. For the civilization of the bio-diesel and removal of the phospholipids, the ultra-shear mixers or the De-gumming process is used, as they can efficiently blend and mix the acid or water into the oil for the formation of bio-diesel. The other processes of bio-diesel action involve the following (Dub, Marc A, et al. 2007).There are numerous positive impacts on occupational health and resort when the bio-diesel replaces the hydro-carbon fuels. Serious, continuous and long enduring exposure to the vegetable oil fuels has always caused environmental pollution (Fernando, Sandum D, et al. 2007).. The air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution are the direct result of heavy transport on roads using petroleum fuels. The use of bio-diesels in transport vehicles can save many drivers, pedestrians and indirect victims like factory workers from lungs cancers, skin abrasions and gastric diseases.Bio-diesels are environment friendly and greener in action. Being less combustible, the bio-diesels are less dangerous for the human life as compared to their petro-besed counterparts. The excessive use of hydrocarbons has been a reason for the extinguishing rare flora and fauna on the earth. The plants, animals and marine life destroyed by the petroleum products had a deeper link with the human health and occupational safety (Al Gore 2007). Sea water has been frequently polluted with the leakage and seepage of petrol while being transported by ships. This has caused serious destruction of marine life. The workers apply in the petroleum factories are always exposed to serious risks of life. Therefore, bio-diesels used in the transport are a single answer to many questions of health and safety for the workers and tra nsporters in addition to the whole mother earth. Thats why these fuels are becoming popular around the world because of their benefits for the occupational safety and the ecological environment. The further hindering factor in their production, distribution and consumption has been their higher cost of production.It is also quite evident, from the vicious bonding between the terrorists and the leaders of the petroleum producing countries that the assume for finding some other substitute of petroleum is raising day by day. The margin of problems created by the continuous use of petroleum is rising much every day as all under-developed countries greatly depend on the fuel (petroleum) that is sold by the tyrants only. US economic conditions are getting worse every day due to the reason that she spends more than $ 100-150 billion annually for purchasing oil from other countries. US military also demands high isotropy of fuel and oil to be used for our defense. To develop some other useful alternatives of oil should be the top and utmost priority of USA. In the fall in States of America a larger quantity of

The Postmodern Proletariat Essay Example for Free

The Postmodern Proletariat EssayABSTRACTAlthough the landscape of the business world has changed dramatically, there is disagreement among scholars as to whether Marxs surmisal of derangement still applies to the current bring inplace environment. Although the advent of unions and teamsters conferences, employee stock options and ownership sharing plans, and job benefits seem to ameliorate working conditions thereby minimizing the constituteence of disaffection, some scholars believe that other foundings from capitalism such(prenominal) as globalization and development technology communications offset the balance gained from these improvements in outwear relations thereby further promulgating its effects. Using historical observation from the early years of capitalism in America, neighborly personal identity theory, and literature on in pee-peeation technology and corporate cultural diversity, a disparity emerges regarding how the mixer estrangement of minorities dif fers from that of non-minority members. A dialectical inquiry is made to determine how the autobiography of capital diligence in America is re previous(a)d to cordial disaffection based on a workers racial or cultural heritage.INTRODUCTION round scholars suggest that Marxian theory is antiquated and that due to advances in technology, the evolution of industry and the change in the way business is conducted, individuals in the workplace may incur less monomania than forwards. The evolution of organizational and employee developments such as the unions and teamsters meetings, employee stock options and ownership sharing plans, and job benefits may offer explanations as to why symptoms of alienation pass yet to birth a proletariat revolution as theorized by Marx. Additionally, socio-stinting safety nets established by legislation to save capitalism such as the creation of the nutriment wage, welf are, child grok laws, equal employment opportunity and affirmative do progra ms, and social security make up excessively assisted in the maintenance of capitalism thereby minimizing the impact alienation has on individuals in the workplace.However, for near minorities and women these developments that stimulate occurred throughout Ameri fundament history father d mavin little to ameliorate alienation because until approximately the last 30 40 years few take laws were designed with minorities in mind. As a matter of fact, even legislation designed to protect minorities and women is often challenging to en stick, allowing alienation to exist from factors including unequal employment opportunities, a lack of diversity in the workplace, and unequal pay in the midst of men and women or based on course. Research suggests that women and minorities on average still shop as little as among 75% 80% of white mens wages in paid take.Marx has been criticized for overlooking this stratum of alienation based on race and gender that illuminates a different fac e of capitalism. Marx proposed four dimensions of alienation that can be classified as self, social, product, and style of deed. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how alienation occurs in different ways overlooked in the literature by redefining the worker through the lens of social identity theory which may justify how alienation is a relative concept. Questions will be addressed such as which workers may experience relative alienation? What other forms of alienation exist and to whom may it apply? And how can the new proletariat be effectively managed in efforts to reduce anxiety as a result of social or cultural dissonance?Following a brief literature review of Marxian theory, social identity theory, and literature on information technology, I will control how the expansion of capitalism has spawned a modern more diverse proletariat that still experiences alienation, notwithstanding in varying degrees that differ from non-minority workers. This paper will theoretic ally demonstrate how age affects the social alienation of minorities in a manner different than non-minority members resulting in a dialectical inquiry of how the history of capital tote in America is related to social alienation.LITERATURE REVIEWThe link between capitalism and labour partyThroughout the history of the world, it is labor power which has heroic any so called civilized nine. According to Marx, before the emergence of capitalism, society was more communal and each person in society contributed his/her own labor where it was needed and in the way best suited for his or herself (Marx Engels, 1951). For example, there were blacksmiths, hunters, fisherman etc. and each bartered and traded with iodine another for their sustenance. Approximately 2,000 years before the dawn of capitalism false needs (those needs that the culture capital industry makes us to believe are real (Marcuse, 1964) did not exist isolated from necessary ones such as food and shelter. For almost all of human history people and communities grew, hunted, and traded for what they needed (Agger, 2004). The creation of money changed this, according to Marx (Marx Engels, 1951a), because it could be relieve and used for many purposes as it became an intermediary in the trading process. Instead of simply macrocosm used as a tool of economic value to bewilder necessary needs like basic food and shelter, money began to signify success or social status which gradually distanced individuals from one another (Agger, 2004), thusly the term alienation.Another type of labor Marx termed free labor (Marx Engels, 1951b), although the term free is a misnomer. This form of labor was one in which knuckle downs provided labor. They were bought and sold on with their labor power once to a slave owner thereby graceful a commodity such as a dishwasher or a tractor. It is important to note that the slave is the commodity so his labor power is no prolonged a commodity that belongs to him. Ma rxs account of history explains how the bourgeoisie capitalist emerged (Marx Engels, 1951a) but for the purposes of this paper I will fast forward to capitalism in colonial America which includes the most recognized form of labor that still exist today, wage labor.Although wage labor is labor that is at archetypical owned by the worker, it can be sold by the worker thereby making it so that the labor is no longer under the workers control. The worker receives means of subsistence in exchange for his labor power, but the capitalist receives in exchange for his means of subsistence labour, the productive activity of the worker, the creative power whereby the worker not only replaces what he consumes but gives to the hoard labour a greater value than it previously possessed.(Marx Engels, 1951b, pp85) This type of alliance between the worker and the capitalist along with the creation of currency creates what Marx termed as alienation (Giddens Held, 1982).Marxs theory of alienation Marx attributes four types of alienation to labor under capitalism (Giddens Held, 1982). According to Marx, when the worker gets paid for completing an assigned task, he is very selling his labor as a commodity. This commodity is a form of capital that Marx terms as having social power because the power is transferred from the proletariat or worker to the capitalist (Marx Engels, 1951b). Once this transfer of labor power occurs, alienation develops for many reasons as outlined by Marx (Giddens Held, 1982). The first includes the alienation of the worker from his or her true self as a human being rather than a machine due to the lack of opportunity for self expression and in a flash benefitting from the fruits of ones individual labor. The profit or commodity created as a result of ones labor is privately owned by someone other than the creator.The second form of alienation, social alienation, occurs between workers since capitalism reduces labor to a commodity to be traded on t he market and disrupts the social relationship among workers. Thirdly, since the product is controlled by the capitalist, alienation exists between the worker and the product itself. The worker no longer has control of his own life because he no longer has any control of his own work. Before the emergence of capitalism, labor was a persons life activity. According to Marx a worker never rick autonomous or experience self-realization because their life activity or work becomes controlled by someone else.The manifestation of their life through the fruits of their labor is no longer realized by the worker herself. Now their labor is only significant in the way the bourgeois want it. Lastly, alienation exists from the act of production itself due to high specialization and the socio-economic class of labor (Smith, 1991) among workers that results in high efficiency for the capitalist but becomes a meaningless activity, offering little infixed satisfaction for the worker. Marx also no ted that religion strengthens the alienation process by causing individuals to accept their lot in life no matter its condition. neighborly identity theoryTajfel (1978) defines social identity as that part of an individuals self-concept which derives from his knowledge of his membership of a social group (or groups) together with the value and emotional significance attached to that membership.(pp. 63). Tajfel and Turner (1979) further described social categorization as one of three processes that underlie social identity theory ( bait). brotherly categorization is the process by which individuals categorize others into groups in efforts to organize social information (Ellemers, De Gilder, Haslam, 2004 Tajfel, 1978). According to Tajfel (1978), social categorization is the underlying process of perplex that is sufficient as well as necessary to induce forms of in-group favoritism and out- group discrimination. The second process, social comparison, occurs when people make compari sons between the self sensed categories of groups in relation to the groups sensed values and their own individual values (Tajfel, 1978). Social identification, the final process, allows people define themselves based on their level of affiliation with a group that they believe shares the same values they wish to attain.The choice of group affiliation is also based on the perceived value that the group holds in expectation of receiving portionl benefit from such membership (Ashforth Mael, 1989). Ashforth and Mael (1989) also note that this categorization process serves the purposes of (a) helping people make sense of their environment by defining other in relation to their group membership, and (b) enabling individuals to define themselves in comparison to other groups. People are then more likely to identify with a group with whom they share similarities, because their identification is based on how they categorize themselves as similar to those within the group (van Knippenberg van Schie, 2000). Turner (1978) demonstrated in various experiments where groups were created with minimal categorization, when there is no category placed on them, participants artificially created in- groups and out- group dynamics.This showed evidence that individuals in groups will create artificial divisions between themselves and individuals from other groups even when no observable differences are striking. Other experiments demonstrated that since race is a very salient characteristic, its social categorization may induce in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination as well. One such example of how inter-group bias is resolved through an understanding of SIT is taken from what is known as the Robbers Cave study in which two groups of boys campers were placed on two different sides of the campgrounds unaware one another (Gaertner, Dovidio, Banker, Houlette, Johnson, McGlynn, 2000).Upon each groups awareness of each other, they immediately began to discriminate once ag ainst each other for no salient reason other than the fact that they were in different groups. This resulted in each group creating an in-group and out-group condition. However, using decategorization, conflict between the two groups was ameliorated (Gaertner, Dovidio, Banker, Houlette, Johnson, McGlynn, 2000). Decategorization is the process by which individuals in groups are isolated from their group and placed in a situation in which they must interact with a member from another group they deem as the out-group. Over time, cake level differences erode and deep level similarities emerge which helps them to decategorize themselves in relation to their group membership. Isolation from the influence of their group members enables this decategorization to occur, thereby reducing conflict between the members from different groups. The contemporary workplaceManaging diversity. Some diversity scholars suggest that a demographically representative workforce results in more innovation and creativity (Jackson, 1991 Cox Blake, 1991). on that point has been an increased recognition of the need for more diversity as it is not only ethical, but is also good for business. A diverse workforce assists companies in attracting customers by having sales teams that speak the language of the minority consumer. Marketing and promotion becomes more effective because a company with a diverse workforce has a greater understanding of the culture and values of its consumers helping them to connect with them.Overall, this paradigm shift in the hiring practices of current companies occurs as it heavily impacts their bottom line in a profitable manner. This new shift is very evident as the backlash from majority group members such as White males mounts. Protests against affirmative action programs and blaming minorities for economic crises such as job layoffs, falling real incomes, and diminished access to quality education have resulted in racial profiling and detest crimes (Agger, 2 002), other ways to alienate minority members.Information communication technology (ICT). Communication via technologies has been shown to change group interaction. It tends to equalize participation, because group members participate more equally, and magnetic or higher status members may have less power (Kiesler, Siegel, McGuire, 1984). Social psychological aspects of computer- mediated communications studies of groups that make decisions via computer interaction have shown they were more uninhibited and there was less influence from any one dominant person.It appears that groups that communicate by computer experience a breakdown of social and organizational barriers. This may occur because we as individuals can recreate ourselves forming a new identity, a cyber self (Agger, 2004). The cyber self is described by Agger as the self-assembled, manipulated persona that accesses the world via online. According to Agger, a capitalist system thrives off consumer self-invention as we cr eate status and false needs for ourselves. In a cyber-capitalism (Agger, 2004) this still occurs but with ones true identity hidden. This may be beneficial for minorities who still may become socially alienated even after reinventing themselves. divinatory DEVELOPMENTKarl Marx said the history of all hitherto-existing society is the history of class struggles (Marx Engels, 1951a). Although many scholars acknowledge overlaps between class and race, I believe the salience of racial color and distinct racial features helps to further explain dynamics regarding the relationship between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie and its effect on promulgating capitalism and alienation. As we have observed, the history of social economic systems depicts changes in how labor was utilized. Consequently, it may also demonstrate the extent of alienation exhibited by workers. The majority of the first settlers and later most immigrants of European ancestry up until present day experienced alienation as theorized by Marx. But unlike the worker who sold his labor as the commodity, the slave laborer was the commodity, providing free labor while the worker or the serf earned a wage.Although Marx does make the distinction between wage labor and slave labor to some degree (Marx Engels, 1951b), he does not delve into the consequences or the degree of the difference between the two regarding the consequences of alienation. According to Marx, the capitalist society leads to the alienation of workers by not allowing them to express themselves through their work. The proletariat is alienated because she is compensated less for her labor versus profiting from her own entrepreneurial efforts. Smith argued that this arrangement is moderately because the capitalist assumes the risk (Smith, 1991). This debate may be arguable for the average laborer at that period in history, but can this same lean of fairness hold true for the slave laborer? Although Marx spoke about alienation among worki ng class, he failed to detail the condition of the slaves at the time who one could argue were the most alienated.At best, Marx related that the Negro slave is a commodity only if used as one, such as a fix machine or any other commodity (Marx Engels, 1951b). In macrocosm SIT demonstrates how the saliency of race attaches a stigma to the slave as being only a slave, with skin color serving as an identifier. The result is that not only was the labor of a slave a commodity, but the slave itself was the commodity who could not profit from his/her own labor. This is the first example of how alienation differs between minorities and other workers. A dialectic exists because although alienation exist for all workers, it is greater for minorities, ergo the slaves, due to social injustice. This oversight in Marxian theory is important to recognize as it may mean that levels of strength of alienation should be identified.Ironically, capitalism, the economic force that initially promulgate d slavery, became the economic force that would ameliorate the condition of alienation among minorities in a dialectical sense. According to Marx, the mass of wage labor grows as the capital grows (Marx Engels, 1951b). In his words, the number of wage workers grows the domination of capital extends over a greater number of individuals, (Marx Engels, 1951b, pp 87). When four million Blacks were released from slavery in 1865 (Bennet, 1984), they were forced to compete with White laborers which created a troubled situation. However, Northerners looked south for cheap labor and imported Blacks to beat down a higher standard living or to break up unions (Meltzer, 1984). It was capitalism at its finest which served to create an opportunity for ex-slaves. Although they experienced more alienation than their White counterparts because they were not allowed to unionize, being in a situation where they could actually work for a wage could be considered a step up from their past condition of slavery and poverty.The industrial revolution of the late 18th and early 19th century provides additional examples of how not only the need for labor increased, but how this need created token labor for minorities who ordinarily would have faced discrimination and not found work. The transcontinental railroad project is considered by some to be one of the most important projects in American history because it enabled Americans to connect across the entire U.S. An enormous undertaking, the Central Pacific Railroad, was so large and dangerous that there was a greater than usual pack for labor that minorities were able to fill (Schama, 2009). This important endeavor would not have been completed had it not been for the Chinese immigrants at that time. They were not wanted by the contractors at first, and were mistakenly considered too frail and effeminate for the job due to their small body frame and minimal facial hair. However, due to the need for more workers, they temporarily ove rcame prejudice and eventually comprised a significant amount of its workforce until its completion.Positing from Marx, dimensions of alienation existed due to the level of dangerous working conditions and the mind numbing and repetitive division of labor. At the completion of the project, the Chinese were not even recognized for their outstanding accomplishment. However, I argue that they experienced a decrease in the level of social alienation they would experience by having an opportunity to work alongside other Americans at a time when prejudice against them was volatile. Again, the dialectic occurs whereas Marxs theory of alienation applies to the work situation, but the fact that a job existed at all for the Chinese in a prejudiced society demonstrated the amelioration of alienation for minorities through capitalism. However, when observed as a comparison between minority and non-minority workers I propose that the level of alienation for minorities is still high as compared t o non-minorities. This may demonstrate how alienation could possibly be moderated by the race of a worker. Both examples from history provide evidence for what could be termed as relative alienation. spell Smith assumed that saving money and having a Protestant work ethic of self denial, working hard and delaying gratification was a driving force behind capitalism (Smith, 1991). He was correct in that it supported and helped to ignite its birth in America, but by the end of World War II people needed to spend money in order for capitalism to thrive (Agger, 2002). As a result people began to spend beyond their means and credit was popularized as a new way of spending. Eventually this new dimension of consumerism led to the Great Depression of 1929. As a result, a soldiery of programs were introduced by President Franklin Roosevelt to salvage the economy and the capitalistic way of life. Many new measures were devised by the Roosevelt administration to combat the Depression.The work week was shortened, young children were forbid to work, a minimum wage was set, and federal relief programs including social security were implemented. A public works program built new hospitals, schools and community centers, and playgrounds which created millions of jobs (Meltzer, 1984). It was not until these frantic years of the New Deal, as it was called, that Blacks began to move into unions as well as begin to truly benefit greatly from the creation of new jobs. Although discriminated against, minorities again experienced a different level of social alienation in the workplace, as compared to their White counterparts (Meltzer, 1984). Henry Ford is noted for his revolutionary business homunculus using the assembly line as well as for increasing the wages of his workers so that they may purchase his vehicles.The Ford Model T was the first automobile mass produced on assembly lines with completely interchangeable parts, marketed to the middle class. The needed factory worker kn owledge and skills were also reduced to one of 84 areas. Although according to Marx this scenario serves as a situation for alienation to exist, for the minority worker it may be considered an elevation in social status in a foreign land in which they experience prejudice. It is noted that approximately 75% of Fords workforce were immigrants (Schama, 2009). Unfortunately, this was not due to Fords mildness for minorities in need of work, but rather for the need to meet the demands of labor. This demand continued during World War I and through World War II as men serving their country as soldiers were unavailable to meet the labor needs of capitalism.Minorities stepping in, although alienated by the exploitation of their labor, experienced an improvement in social alienation from White co-workers simply by having an opportunity to work with them. The birth of information communication technology has transformed the landscape of business and work group interaction. Its effect of remo ving barriers and equalizing members within interacting groups helps to ameliorate conditions of alienation of minorities with co-workers. The cyber self can be used to better connect with members from all cultural backgrounds.First, it is a self- assembled invention of the self that allows minorities get a foot in the door thereby enabling them to connect with co-workers in manner that blinds them from bias or prejudice. Secondly, computer-mediated interaction between members equalizes participation by removing the influence from dominant personalities or members. This is akin to a decategorization process by which majority members and minority members may converse via ICT without influence from ethnic, racial, or gender group member affiliation. I propose that this will enable deep-level characteristic to emerge while surface-level difference dissolve, enhancing the interaction between members. As a result, the probability of alienation occurring between co-workers may diminish in the contemporary workplace.CONCLUSIONThe sonnet inscribed on the Statue of Liberty readsGive me your tired, your poor,Your huddled crowd together yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me.I lift my lamp beside the golden door.These words convey an offering of liberty and successfulness by capitalism and democracy that can be perceived as sincere. The history of capital demonstrates that the mantra of Lady Liberty may have in reality been a call for cheap labor to perpetuate capital and grow the U.S. economy. In turn, the rise of industry with an influx of immigrants created more than just a warming pot, but also bred a new type of worker different from the proletariat described by Marx. By deconstructing this new proletariat, we find that over time alienation in the workplace has manifested itself in a disguised manner for all Americans, but simultaneously improved co-worker interaction for minorities as a re sult of contemporary business practices. Recognizing this dialectic, the construct of alienation should be examined further in order to identify its different dimensions relative to the cultural and racial identity of workers.Additionally, managers and leaders should continue to foster business diversity practices that serve to be inclusive of all so as to minimize cultural or social dissonance among co-workers. Although capitalism has been attributed a major cause of alienation, it is ironic that the contemporary ways of doing business spawned from capitalistic expansion may save capitalism from becoming a socially dominant force that transgresses the basic rights of humanity. 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